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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonVoltDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerDistributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS infoUsed for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score5.18
Rank#63  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#7  Search engines
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score1.47
Rank#157  Overall
#73  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.progress.com/­marklogicazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.voltdb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docswww.progress.com/­marklogic/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.voltdb.com
Developer4D, IncGoogleMarkLogic Corp.MicrosoftVoltDB Inc.
Initial release19842015200120162010
Current releasev20, April 202311.0, December 202211.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++Java, C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X infofor development
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyes infoSQL92yesyes infoonly a subset of SQL 99
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
C#
C++
Erlang infonot officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQLJava
Triggersyesnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyesyesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno infoFOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACIDACID infoTransactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoData access is serialized by the server
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoSnapshots and command logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsyesUsers and roles with access to stored procedures

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud BigtableMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseVoltDB
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