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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. JSqlDb vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. JSqlDb vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonJSqlDb  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
JSqlDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.JavaScript Query Language Database, stores JavaScript objects and primitivesOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Document store
Object oriented DBMS
Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score5.18
Rank#63  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#7  Search engines
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablejsqldb.org (offline)www.progress.com/­marklogicazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docswww.progress.com/­marklogic/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
Developer4D, IncGoogleKonrad von BackstromMarkLogic Corp.Microsoft
Initial release19842015201820012016
Current releasev20, April 20230.8, December 201811.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnonoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnonoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92nonoyes infoSQL92yes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScriptC
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnofunctions in JavaScriptyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQL
Triggersyesnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesnoneyesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsyes

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud BigtableJSqlDbMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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