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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Graphite vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Graphite vs. RDFox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonGraphite  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformData logging and graphing tool for time series data infoThe storage layer (fixed size database) is called WhisperHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Document storeTime Series DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score4.83
Rank#67  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#300  Overall
#24  Graph DBMS
#13  RDF stores
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablecloud.google.com/­datastoregithub.com/­graphite-project/­graphite-webwww.oxfordsemantic.tech
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docscloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsgraphite.readthedocs.iodocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
Developer4D, IncGoogleGoogleChris DavisOxford Semantic Technologies
Initial release19842015200820062017
Current releasev20, April 20236.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languagePythonC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedhostedLinux
Unix
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesyes infoRDF schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes, details hereNumeric data onlyyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noSQL-like query language (GQL)nono
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
HTTP API
Sockets
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnousing Google App Engineno
TriggersyesnoCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replication using Paxosnonereplication via a shared file system
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.noneImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infolocking
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noRoles, resources, and access types

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud BigtableGoogle Cloud DatastoreGraphiteRDFox
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