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DBMS > 4D vs. Geode vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SpaceTime vs. StarRocks

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Geode vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SpaceTime vs. StarRocks

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGeode  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSpaceTime  Xexclude from comparisonStarRocks  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemGeode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformSpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.An open source, high-performance columnar analytical database that enables real-time, multi-dimensional, and highly concurrent data analytics infoForked from Apache Doris
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.86
Rank#134  Overall
#24  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.03
Rank#392  Overall
#8  Spatial DBMS
Score0.93
Rank#198  Overall
#93  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comgeode.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.mireo.com/­spacetimewww.starrocks.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comgeode.apache.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.starrocks.io/­en-us/­latest/­introduction/­StarRocks_intro
Developer4D, IncOriginally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.MicrosoftMireoThe Linux Foundation infosince Feb 2023
Initial release19842002201920202020
Current releasev20, April 20231.1, February 2017cloud service with continuous releases2.5.3, March 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses available as GemfirecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++C++, Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM infothe JDK (8 or later) is also requiredhostedLinuxLinux
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexednoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query language (OQL)Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetA subset of ANSI SQL is implementedyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Java Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIJDBC
MySQL protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
C++
Python
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnouser defined functions
Triggersyesyes infoCache Event Listenersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceFixed-grid hypercubeshorizontal partitioning (by range and hash)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Real-time block device replication (DRBD)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyes, on a single nodenonono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights per client and object definableAzure Active Directory AuthenticationyesRole based access control and fine grained access rights

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGeodeMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSpaceTimeStarRocks
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