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DBMS > 4D vs. Geode vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Quasardb vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Geode vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Quasardb vs. SpaceTime

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGeode  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonQuasardb  Xexclude from comparisonSpaceTime  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemGeode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformDistributed, high-performance timeseries databaseSpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMSSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.86
Rank#134  Overall
#24  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.21
Rank#322  Overall
#29  Time Series DBMS
Score0.03
Rank#392  Overall
#8  Spatial DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comgeode.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerquasar.aiwww.mireo.com/­spacetime
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comgeode.apache.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdoc.quasar.ai/­master
Developer4D, IncOriginally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.MicrosoftquasardbMireo
Initial release19842002201920092020
Current releasev20, April 20231.1, February 2017cloud service with continuous releases3.14.1, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses available as Gemfirecommercialcommercial infoFree community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licensescommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM infothe JDK (8 or later) is also requiredhostedBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infointeger and binaryyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes infowith tagsno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query language (OQL)Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query languageA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Java Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP APIRESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
C#
C++
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnono
Triggersyesyes infoCache Event Listenersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infoconsistent hashingFixed-grid hypercubes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication with selectable replication factorReal-time block device replication (DRBD)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkwith Hadoop integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyes, on a single nodenoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoby using LevelDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes infoTransient modeno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights per client and object definableAzure Active Directory AuthenticationCryptographically strong user authentication and audit trailyes

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGeodeMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerQuasardbSpaceTime
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