DBMS > 4D vs. Geode vs. H2 vs. NuoDB vs. Realm

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Geode vs. H2 vs. NuoDB vs. Realm

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Geode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processes

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

A DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.92
Rank	#131	Overall
	#23	Key-value stores

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	0.89
Rank	#198	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	7.60
Rank	#52	Overall
	#9	Document stores

Website

www.4d.com

geode.apache.org

www.h2database.com

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

realm.io

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

geode.apache.org/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

doc.nuodb.com

realm.io/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Originally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.

Thomas Mueller

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

Realm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019

Initial release

1984

2002

2005

2013

2014

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.1, February 2017

2.2.220, July 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2; commercial licenses available as Gemfire

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

the JDK (8 or later) is also required

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language (OQL)

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Java Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala

Java

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Java

with Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Java, SQL

runs within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary

Triggers

yes

Cache Event Listeners

yes

Change Listeners

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes, on a single node

ACID

tunable commit protocol

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

MVCC

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

yes

In-Memory realm

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights per client and object definable

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

yes

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