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DBMS > 4D vs. GBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerarkDB vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. GBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerarkDB vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGBase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTerarkDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWidely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformA key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDBIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.07
Rank#185  Overall
#86  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#60  Key-value stores
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.gbase.cnazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­bytedance/­terarkdbwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerbytedance.larkoffice.com/­docs/­doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKcdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
Developer4D, IncGeneral Data Technology Co., Ltd.MicrosoftByteDance, originally TerarkOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release19842004201920161998
Current releasev20, April 2023GBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8ccloud service with continuous releases11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercial inforestricted open source version availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC, Java, PythonC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexednoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92Standard with numerous extensionsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
C++ API
Java API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C++
Java
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RnoPL/SQL
Triggersyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.noneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesAzure Active Directory Authenticationnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGBaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTerarkDBTimesTen
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