DBMS > 4D vs. FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. RocksDB vs. Tkrzw

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. RocksDB vs. Tkrzw

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

A concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Key-value store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.03
Rank	#190	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#89	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	3.65
Rank	#85	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#60	Key-value stores

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/apple/foundationdb

github.com/google/leveldb

rocksdb.org

dbmx.net/tkrzw

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

apple.github.io/foundationdb

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

Developer

4D, Inc

FoundationDB

Google

Facebook, Inc.

Mikio Hirabayashi

Initial release

1984

2013

2011

2013

2020

Current release

v20, April 2023

6.2.28, November 2020

1.23, February 2021

8.11.4, April 2024

0.9.3, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

some layers support schemas

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

some layers support typing

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

supported in specific SQL layer only

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

C++ API
Java API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

C++
Java
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

in SQL-layer only

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

none

yes

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

in SQL-layer only

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using specific database classes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

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