DBMS > 4D vs. FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Key-value store

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.03
Rank	#190	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#89	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	2.95
Rank	#100	Overall
	#17	Document stores
	#17	Key-value stores
	#50	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/apple/foundationdb

github.com/google/leveldb

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

apple.github.io/foundationdb

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

4D, Inc

FoundationDB

Google

Oracle

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

1984

2013

2011

2004

Current release

v20, April 2023

6.2.28, November 2020

1.23, February 2021

23.3, December 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

some layers support schemas

schema-free

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

some layers support typing

optional

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

supported in specific SQL layer only

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

in SQL-layer only

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

none

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

in SQL-layer only

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

off heap cache

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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