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DBMS > 4D vs. FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. NSDb vs. Tkrzw

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. NSDb vs. Tkrzw

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonNSDb  Xexclude from comparisonTkrzw infoSuccessor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesScalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of KubernetesA concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value storeTime Series DBMSKey-value store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#41  Time Series DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#60  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgithub.com/­google/­leveldbnsdb.iodbmx.net/­tkrzw
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comapple.github.io/­foundationdbgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdnsdb.io/­Architecture
Developer4D, IncFoundationDBGoogleMikio Hirabayashi
Initial release19842013201120172020
Current releasev20, April 20236.2.28, November 20201.23, February 20210.9.3, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++Java, ScalaC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingnoyes: int, bigint, decimal, stringno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesnonoall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92supported in specific SQL layer onlynoSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
Java
Scala
C++
Java
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesin SQL-layer onlynonono
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesnonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesin SQL-layer onlynonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesUsing Apache Luceneyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infousing specific database classes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnonono

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionFoundationDBLevelDBNSDbTkrzw infoSuccessor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet
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