DBMS > 4D vs. Firebolt vs. Ingres vs. MySQL vs. SingleStore

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Firebolt vs. Ingres vs. MySQL vs. SingleStore

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Highly scalable cloud data warehouse and analytics product

Forked from Clickhouse

Well established RDBMS

Widely used open source RDBMS

MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.49
Rank	#148	Overall
	#68	Relational DBMS

Score	3.63
Rank	#79	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Score	1029.49
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	4.02
Rank	#74	Overall
	#39	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.firebolt.io

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.mysql.com

www.singlestore.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.firebolt.io

docs.actian.com/ingres

dev.mysql.com/doc

docs.singlestore.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Firebolt Analytics Inc.

Actian Corporation

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

SingleStore Inc.

Initial release

1984

2020

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

1995

2013

Current release

v20, April 2023

12.0, July 2024

9.0.0, July 2024

8.5, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

commercial

free developer edition available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

C++, Go

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

64 bit version required

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

but no triggers and foreign keys

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

.Net
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Cluster Management API

as HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

proprietary syntax

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

Sharding

hash partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

depending on storage layer

Ingres Replicator

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles

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