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DBMS > 4D vs. Firebird vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Firebird vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerWidely used in-process key-value storeIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score20.50
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score2.01
Rank#126  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.firebirdsql.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmldocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
Developer4D, IncFirebird FoundationMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release19842000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase201619941998
Current releasev20, April 20235.0.0, January 202418.1.40, May 202011 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicensecommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC and C++C++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesPSQLTransact SQLnoPL/SQL
Triggersyesyesnoyes infoonly for the SQL APIno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding, horizontal partitioningnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replicationyesSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptyesnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionFirebirdMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseOracle Berkeley DBTimesTen
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