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DBMS > 4D vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. GraphDB vs. RDF4J vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. GraphDB vs. RDF4J vs. TimescaleDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.A time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
RDF storeTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score4.64
Rank#71  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasewww.ontotext.comrdf4j.orgwww.timescale.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasegraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationrdf4j.org/­documentationdocs.timescale.com
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
Developer4D, IncGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014OntotextSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Timescale
Initial release19842012200020042017
Current releasev20, April 202310.4, October 20232.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyes infoRDF Schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92nostored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCnoyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyeslimited functionality with using 'rules'well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityyesuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
TriggersyesCallbacks are triggered when data changesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenoneyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replicationnoneSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoConstraint checkingyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyes, based on authentication and database rulesDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionFirebase Realtime DatabaseGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameTimescaleDB
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionFirebase Realtime DatabaseGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameTimescaleDB
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