DBMS > 4D vs. Elasticsearch vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Elasticsearch vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. Snowflake

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene

Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	135.35
Rank	#7	Overall
	#1	Search engines

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	121.33
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.elastic.co/elasticsearch

www.h2database.com

github.com/google/leveldb

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Elastic

Thomas Mueller

Google

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

1984

2010

2005

2011

2014

Current release

v20, April 2023

8.6, January 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

1.23, February 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Elastic License

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

yes

schema-free

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

ES-Hadoop Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Memcached and Redis integration

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.