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DBMS > 4D vs. Ehcache vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TigerGraph vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Ehcache vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TigerGraph vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonEhcache  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA widely adopted Java cache with tiered storage optionsFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-timeIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score4.89
Rank#67  Overall
#8  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score1.83
Rank#139  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.ehcache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.tigergraph.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.ehcache.org/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.tigergraph.comdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
Developer4D, IncTerracotta Inc, owned by Software AGMicrosoftOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release19842009201920171998
Current releasev20, April 20233.10.0, March 2022cloud service with continuous releases11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedLinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language (GSQL)yes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JCacheMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C++
Java
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RyesPL/SQL
Triggersyesyes infoCache Event Listenersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoby using Terracotta ServerSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes infoby using Terracotta Serveryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyTunable Consistency (Strong, Eventual, Weak)Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyes infosupports JTA and can work as an XA resourcenoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing a tiered cache-storage approachyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionEhcacheMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTigerGraphTimesTen
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