DBMS > 4D vs. EJDB vs. Google BigQuery vs. LevelDB vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. EJDB vs. Google BigQuery vs. LevelDB vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Embeddable document-store database library with JSON representation of queries (in MongoDB style)

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.27
Rank	#297	Overall
	#44	Document stores

Score	60.38
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.08
Rank	#348	Overall
	#35	Graph DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/Softmotions/ejdb

cloud.google.com/bigquery

github.com/google/leveldb

tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/current/reference/#tinkergraph-gremlin

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/README.md

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

Developer

4D, Inc

Softmotions

Google

Initial release

1984

2012

2010

2011

2009

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.23, February 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

GPLv2

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

server-less

hosted

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, bool, date, object_id

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

in-process shared library

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Actionscript
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lua
Objective-C
Pike
Python
Ruby

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Groovy
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

in JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

typically not needed, however similar functionality with collection joins possible

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Read/Write Locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

optional

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

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