DBMS > 4D vs. DuckDB vs. Realm vs. STSdb vs. YottaDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. DuckDB vs. Realm vs. STSdb vs. YottaDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

A DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data

Key-Value Store with special method for indexing

optimized for high performance using a special indexing method

A fast and solid embedded Key-value store

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

using the Octo plugin

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	5.61
Rank	#60	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Score	7.18
Rank	#52	Overall
	#8	Document stores

Score	0.03
Rank	#365	Overall
	#54	Key-value stores

Score	0.21
Rank	#309	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Website

www.4d.com

duckdb.org

realm.io

github.com/STSSoft/STSdb4

yottadb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

duckdb.org/docs

realm.io/docs

yottadb.com/resources/documentation

Developer

4D, Inc

Realm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019

STS Soft SC

YottaDB, LLC

Initial release

1984

2018

2014

2011

2001

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.0.0, June 2024

4.0.8, September 2015

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

GPLv2, commercial license available

Open Source

AGPL 3.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

server-less

Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows

Windows

Docker
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

primitive types and user defined types (classes)

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

by using the Octo plugin

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

.NET Client API

PostgreSQL wire protocol

using the Octo plugin
Proprietary protocol

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

.Net
Java

with Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift

C#
Java

C
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lua
M
Perl
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

runs within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary

Triggers

yes

Change Listeners

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

optimistic locking

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

In-Memory realm

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

Users and groups based on OS-security mechanisms

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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Recent citations in the news

My First Billion (of Rows) in DuckDB
1 May 2024, Towards Data Science

TigerEye Open Sources DuckDB.dart
15 August 2024, Datanami

DuckDB: The tiny but powerful analytics database
15 May 2024, InfoWorld

Unleashing Postgres for Analytics With DuckDB Integration
24 July 2024, The New Stack

TigerEye releases open-source DuckDB.dart to simplify data-intensive application development
15 August 2024, SiliconANGLE News

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