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DBMS > 4D vs. DuckDB vs. OrientDB vs. Realm

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. DuckDB vs. OrientDB vs. Realm

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)A DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score3.19
Rank#93  Overall
#16  Document stores
#7  Graph DBMS
#14  Key-value stores
Score7.60
Rank#52  Overall
#9  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.comduckdb.orgorientdb.orgrealm.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comduckdb.org/­docswww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlrealm.io/­docs
Developer4D, IncOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPRealm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019
Initial release1984201820102014
Current releasev20, April 20230.10, February 20243.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
server-lessAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesSQL-like query language, no joinsno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoJava, Javascriptno inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary
TriggersyesnoHooksyes infoChange Listeners
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneMulti-source replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes inforelationship in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infoIn-Memory realm
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnoAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableyes

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDuckDBOrientDBRealm
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Recent citations in the news

My First Billion (of Rows) in DuckDB | by João Pedro | May, 2024
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