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DBMS > 4D vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. STSdb vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. STSdb vs. TigerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSTSdb  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformKey-Value Store with special method for indexing infooptimized for high performance using a special indexing methodA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedKey-value storeGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.04
Rank#360  Overall
#52  Key-value stores
Score1.83
Rank#139  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­STSSoft/­STSdb4www.tigergraph.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comduckdb.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.tigergraph.com
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftSTS Soft SC
Initial release19842018201920112017
Current releasev20, April 20230.10, February 2024cloud service with continuous releases4.0.8, September 2015
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, commercial license availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C#C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
server-lesshostedWindowsLinux
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infoprimitive types and user defined types (classes)yes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoSQL-like query language (GSQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client APIGSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
Java
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnoyes
Triggersyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationnoRole-based access control

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDuckDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSTSdbTigerGraph
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