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DBMS > 4D vs. DuckDB vs. MaxDB vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. DuckDB vs. MaxDB vs. TinkerGraph

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.68
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score4.68
Rank#76  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score2.65
Rank#111  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score0.12
Rank#344  Overall
#34  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comduckdb.orgmaxdb.sap.comtinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comduckdb.org/­docsmaxdb.sap.com/­documentation
Developer4D, IncSAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997
Initial release1984201819842009
Current releasev20, April 20230.10, February 20247.9.10.12, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
server-lessAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyesno
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneSource-replica replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDuckDBMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DTinkerGraph
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