DBMS > 4D vs. DuckDB vs. eXtremeDB vs. HyperSQL vs. RocksDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. DuckDB vs. eXtremeDB vs. HyperSQL vs. RocksDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Natively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clustering

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	0.80
Rank	#214	Overall
	#99	Relational DBMS
	#18	Time Series DBMS

Score	3.23
Rank	#93	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS

Score	3.41
Rank	#86	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

duckdb.org/docs

www.mcobject.com/docs/extremedb.htm

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

Developer

4D, Inc

McObject

Facebook, Inc.

Initial release

1984

2018

2001

2013

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.0.0, June 2024

8.2, 2021

2.7.2, June 2023

9.2.1, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

server-less

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

support of XML interfaces available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

with the option: eXtremeSQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

C++ API
Java API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

by defining events

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning / sharding

none

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

Active Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication

by means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication

by means of eXtremeDB High Availability option

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Optimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies available

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

eXtremeDB is an in-memory and/or persistent database system that offers an ultra-small...
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Competitive advantages

eXtremeDB databases can be modeled relationally or as objects and can utilize SQL...
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Typical application scenarios

IoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
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Key customers

Schneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
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Market metrics

With hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
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Licensing and pricing models

For server use cases, there is a simple per-server license irrespective of the number...
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