DBMS > 4D vs. DuckDB vs. HarperDB vs. RethinkDB vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. DuckDB vs. HarperDB vs. RethinkDB vs. TerminusDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.

DBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	4.57
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Score	0.55
Rank	#248	Overall
	#38	Document stores

Score	2.74
Rank	#105	Overall
	#19	Document stores

Score	0.17
Rank	#325	Overall
	#29	Graph DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

duckdb.org/docs

docs.harperdb.io/docs

rethinkdb.com/docs

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

Developer

4D, Inc

HarperDB

The Linux Foundation

since July 2017

DataChemist Ltd.

Initial release

1984

2018

2017

2009

2018

Current release

v20, April 2023

0.10, February 2024

3.1, August 2021

2.4.1, August 2020

11.0.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

free community edition available

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

GPL V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Node.js

C++

Prolog, Rust

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

server-less

Linux
OS X

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

dynamic schema

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON data types

yes

string, binary, float, bool, date, geometry

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-like data manipulation statements

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift

community-supported driver
C#

community-supported driver
C++

community-supported driver
Clojure

community-supported driver
Dart

community-supported driver
Erlang

community-supported driver
Go

community-supported driver
Haskell

community-supported driver
Java

official driver
JavaScript (Node.js)

official driver
Lisp

community-supported driver
Lua

community-supported driver
Objective-C

community-supported driver
Perl

community-supported driver
PHP

community-supported driver
Python

official driver
Ruby

official driver
Scala

community-supported driver

JavaScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Custom Functions

since release 3.1

yes

Triggers

yes

Client-side triggers through changefeeds

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

A table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a cluster

Sharding

range based

Graph Partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

yes

the nodes on which a table resides can be defined

Source-replica replication

Journaling Streams

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic execution of specific operations

Atomic single-document operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

MVCC based

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, using LMDB

yes

in-memory journaling

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users and roles

yes

users and table-level permissions

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

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Related products and services

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