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DBMS > 4D vs. DuckDB vs. Greenplum vs. SQL.JS

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. DuckDB vs. Greenplum vs. SQL.JS

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Analytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database

A logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.

Port of SQLite to JavaScript

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	4.57
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Score	8.37
Rank	#48	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	0.53
Rank	#252	Overall
	#116	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

duckdb.org/docs

docs.greenplum.org

sql.js.org/documentation/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Pivotal Software Inc.

Alon Zakai

enhancements implemented by others

Initial release

1984

2018

2005

2012

Current release

v20, April 2023

0.10, February 2024

7.0.0, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

no

no

no

no

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

JavaScript

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

server-less

Linux

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

Data scheme

yes

yes

yes

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes

yes

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

no

yes

since Version 4.2

no

Secondary indexes

yes

yes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

yes

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC

JavaScript API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C
Java
Perl
Python
R

JavaScript

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

no

yes

no

Triggers

yes

no

yes

no

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

no

no

yes

no

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

no

yes

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID

ACID

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes

yes

no

except by serializing a db to a file

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

no

yes

no

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

no

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

no

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript
1 December 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

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