DBMS > 4D vs. DuckDB vs. EXASOL vs. Lovefield vs. SwayDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. DuckDB vs. EXASOL vs. Lovefield vs. SwayDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

High-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

An embeddable, non-blocking, type-safe key-value store for single or multiple disks and in-memory storage

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	4.57
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Score	1.99
Rank	#124	Overall
	#58	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#382	Overall
	#59	Key-value stores

Website

www.4d.com

duckdb.org

www.exasol.com

google.github.io/lovefield

swaydb.simer.au

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

duckdb.org/docs

www.exasol.com/resources

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

Developer

4D, Inc

Exasol

Google

Simer Plaha

Initial release

1984

2018

2000

2014

2018

Current release

v20, April 2023

0.10, February 2024

2.1.12, February 2017

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

GNU Affero GPL V3.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

JavaScript

Scala

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

server-less

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

Java
Lua
Python
R

JavaScript

Java
Kotlin
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic execution of operations

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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Recent citations in the news

DuckDB: The tiny but powerful analytics database
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5 March 2024, Datanami

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12 March 2024, InfoQ.com

My First Billion (of Rows) in DuckDB | by João Pedro | May, 2024
1 May 2024, Towards Data Science

MotherDuck Raises $52.5 Million Series B Funding as DuckDB Adoption Soars
20 September 2023, PR Newswire

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21 May 2024, Unite.AI

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14 May 2024, insideBIGDATA

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26 October 2023, Datanami

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26 February 2024, TechTarget

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21 February 2024, businesswire.com

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