DBMS > 4D vs. Dolt vs. Geode vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dolt vs. Geode vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. SurrealDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A MySQL compatible DBMS with Git-like versioning of data and schema

Geode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processes

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Document store
Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.02
Rank	#191	Overall
	#89	Relational DBMS

Score	1.86
Rank	#134	Overall
	#24	Key-value stores

Score	27.71
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	1.02
Rank	#190	Overall
	#33	Document stores
	#18	Graph DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/dolthub/dolt
www.dolthub.com

geode.apache.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

surrealdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.dolthub.com

geode.apache.org/docs

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

surrealdb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

DoltHub Inc

Originally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.

Microsoft

SurrealDB Ltd

Initial release

1984

2018

2002

2014

2022

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.1, February 2017

v1.5.0, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2; commercial licenses available as Gemfire

commercial

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Rust

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

the JDK (8 or later) is also required

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-like query language (OQL)

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

CLI Client
HTTP REST

Java Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

currently in alpha release

user defined functions

JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Cache Event Listeners

JavaScript

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

A database can be cloned to multiple locations and be used there in isolation. Data/schema changes can be pushed/pulled explicitly between locations.

Multi-source replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes, on a single node

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Only one user is configurable, and must be specified in the config file at startup

Access rights per client and object definable

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

yes, based on authentication and database rules

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.