DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Teradata Aster vs. Trafodion vs. YottaDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Teradata Aster vs. Trafodion vs. YottaDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Teradata Aster has been integrated into other Teradata systems and therefore will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.

Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Platform for big data analytics on multistructured data sources and types

Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS

A fast and solid embedded Key-value store

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

using the Octo plugin

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	0.20
Rank	#317	Overall
	#47	Key-value stores

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

dgraph.io/docs

trafodion.apache.org/documentation.html

yottadb.com/resources/documentation

Developer

4D, Inc

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Teradata

Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP

YottaDB, LLC

Initial release

1984

2016

2005

2014

2001

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.3.0, February 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

AGPL 3.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++, Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Docker
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

defined schema within the relational store; partial schema or schema free in the Aster File Store

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

in Aster File Store

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

by using the Octo plugin

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

PostgreSQL wire protocol

using the Octo plugin
Proprietary protocol

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Java
Python
R

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net

C
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lua
M
Perl
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

R packages

Java Stored Procedures

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

Dimension tables are replicated across all nodes in the cluster. The number of replicas for the file store can be configured.

yes, via HBase

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

SQL Map-Reduce Framework

yes

via user defined functions and HBase

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

optimistic locking

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users and groups based on OS-security mechanisms

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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