DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. MySQL vs. PouchDB vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. MySQL vs. PouchDB vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Widely used open source RDBMS

JavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDB

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Document store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.53
Rank	#152	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	1061.34
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	2.34
Rank	#112	Overall
	#21	Document stores

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Apache Software Foundation

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Initial release

1984

2016

1995

2012

2000

Current release

v20, April 2023

8.4.0, April 2024

7.1.1, June 2019

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

Public Domain

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C and C++

JavaScript

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

server-less

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

HTTP REST

only for PouchDB Server
JavaScript API

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

JavaScript

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

proprietary syntax

View functions in JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

Sharding

with a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-lounge

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Synchronous replication via Raft

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

also with CouchDB databases
Source-replica replication

also with CouchDB databases

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

via file-system locks

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backend

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Planned for future releases

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

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