DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. MaxDB vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. MaxDB vs. Oracle

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

A robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutions

Widely used RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.39
Rank	#155	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	2.15
Rank	#115	Overall
	#55	Relational DBMS

Score	1286.59
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

dgraph.io

maxdb.sap.com

www.oracle.com/database

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

dgraph.io/docs

maxdb.sap.com/documentation

docs.oracle.com/en/database

Developer

4D, Inc

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

SAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997

Oracle

Initial release

1984

2016

1984

1980

Current release

v20, April 2023

7.9.10.12, February 2024

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Limited community edition free

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Synchronous replication via Raft

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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