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DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. TimesTen vs. UniData,UniVerse

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. TimesTen vs. UniData,UniVerse

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonUniData,UniVerse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleMultiValue database and application server with SQL mapping layer and meta database capabilities
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSMultivalue DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score3.16
Rank#97  Overall
#2  Multivalue DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comdgraph.iogithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmlwww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-unidata
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdgraph.io/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1docs.rocketsoftware.com/­bundle?cluster=true&labelkey=unidata&labelkey=prod_unidata
Developer4D, IncDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005Rocket Software
Initial release19842016201119981985
Current releasev20, April 20231.23, February 202111 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesoptional
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92nonoyesyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Java API infoJPA
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
SOAP-based API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
.Net
Basic infoU2 Basic
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoPL/SQLyes
Triggersyesnononoyes infoU2 Basic
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesnonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSynchronous replication via RaftnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID infoconfigurable
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsno infoPlanned for future releasesnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights according to SQL-standard and operating system based

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDgraphLevelDBTimesTenUniData,UniVerse
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