DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. TDengine vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. TDengine vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Time Series DBMS and big data platform

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	2.60
Rank	#107	Overall
	#8	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.31
Rank	#163	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

dgraph.io

github.com/google/leveldb

github.com/taosdata/TDengine
tdengine.com

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

dgraph.io/docs

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.tdengine.com

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

Developer

4D, Inc

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Google

TDEngine, previously Taos Data

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

1984

2016

2011

2019

1998

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.23, February 2021

3.0, August 2022

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

GPL V3, also commercial editions available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

Standard SQL with extensions for time-series applications

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Rust

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

yes, via alarm monitoring

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Synchronous replication via Raft

none

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Planned for future releases

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

TDengine™ is a next generation data historian purpose-built for Industry 4.0 and...
» more

Competitive advantages

High Performance at any Scale: TDengine is purpose-built for handling massive industrial...
» more

Typical application scenarios

TDengine is designed for Industrial IoT scenarios, including: Manufacturing Connected...
» more

Market metrics

TDengine has garnered over 22,500 stars on GitHub and is used in over 50 countries...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

TDengine OSS is an open source, cloud native time series database. It includes built-in...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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