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DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. RRDtool vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. RRDtool vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonRRDtool  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesIndustry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database. infoThe data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSKey-value storeTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score1.87
Rank#136  Overall
#11  Time Series DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comdgraph.iogithub.com/­google/­leveldboss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtoolwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdgraph.io/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool/­docdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
Developer4D, IncDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleTobias OetikerOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release19842016201119991998
Current releasev20, April 20231.23, February 20211.8.0, 202211 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoGPL V2 and FLOSScommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++C infoImplementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# available
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
HP-UX
Linux
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoNumeric data onlyyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono infoExporting into and restoring from XML files possibleno
Secondary indexesyesyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92nononoyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
in-process shared library
Pipes
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C infowith librrd library
C# infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Java infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js) infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP infowith a wrapper library
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnononoPL/SQL
Triggersyesnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesnonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSynchronous replication via RaftnonenoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoby using the rrdcached daemonyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsno infoPlanned for future releasesnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDgraphLevelDBRRDtoolTimesTen
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