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DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle NoSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodesIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score2.95
Rank#100  Overall
#17  Document stores
#17  Key-value stores
#50  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comdgraph.iogithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.oracle.com/­database/­nosql/­technologies/­nosqlwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdgraph.io/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­nosql-database/­index.htmldocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
Developer4D, IncDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleOracleOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release19842016201120111998
Current releasev20, April 20231.23, February 202123.3, December 202311 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoProprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeSupport Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnooptionalyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92nonoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnononoPL/SQL
Triggersyesnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSynchronous replication via RaftnoneElectable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table featureMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononowith Hadoop integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infodepending on configuration
Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoconfigurable infoACID within a storage node (=shard)ACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infooff heap cacheyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsno infoPlanned for future releasesnoAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDgraphLevelDBOracle NoSQLTimesTen
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