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DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Immudb vs. LevelDB vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Immudb vs. LevelDB vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSKey-value storeKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comdgraph.iogithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
github.com/­google/­leveldbwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdgraph.io/­docsdocs.immudb.iogithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
Developer4D, IncDgraph Labs, Inc.CodenotaryGoogleOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release19842016202020111998
Current releasev20, April 20231.2.3, April 20221.23, February 202111 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoGoC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noSQL-like syntaxnoyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnononoPL/SQL
Triggersyesnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesShardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSynchronous replication via RaftnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsno infoPlanned for future releasesnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDgraphImmudbLevelDBTimesTen
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