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DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. HarperDB vs. SingleStore

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. HarperDB vs. SingleStore

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSHarperDB takes the "stack" out of "tech stack" by combining an ultra-fast document-style data store, in-memory cache, real-time message broker, and your application components into a single distributed technology.MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.37
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.39
Rank#155  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score0.55
Rank#243  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score4.02
Rank#74  Overall
#39  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comdgraph.iowww.harperdb.iowww.singlestore.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdgraph.io/­docsdocs.harperdb.io/­docsdocs.singlestore.com
Developer4D, IncDgraph Labs, Inc.HarperDBSingleStore Inc.
Initial release1984201620172013
Current releasev20, April 20233.1, August 20218.5, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial infofree community edition availablecommercial infofree developer edition available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoNode.jsC++, Go
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Linux info64 bit version required
Data schemeyesschema-freedynamic schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON data typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noSQL-like data manipulation statementsyes infobut no triggers and foreign keys
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
Cluster Management API infoas HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoCustom Functions infosince release 3.1yes
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clusterSharding infohash partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSynchronous replication via Raftyes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definedSource-replica replication infostores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infocan define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDAtomic execution of specific operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, using LMDByes infoAll updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users and rolesFine grained access control via users, groups and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDgraphHarperDBSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL
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Top Open Source Graph Databases
3 June 2024, MarkTechPost

Popular Open Source GraphQL Company Dgraph Secures $6M in Seed Round with New Leadership
20 July 2022, PR Newswire

Dgraph on AWS: Setting up a horizontally scalable graph database
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Graph Database Market size to grow by USD 7.40 billion between 2022 - 2027 | Growth Driven by Lack of standardization and programming flexibility - Technavio
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