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DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. Tibero

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. Tibero

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonTibero  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA secure RDBMS, designed for easy portability from Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score1.78
Rank#140  Overall
#64  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comdgraph.iowww.h2database.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldbus.tmaxsoft.com/­products/­tibero
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdgraph.io/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdtechnet.tmaxsoft.com/­upload/­download/­online/­tibero/­pver-20150504-000002/­index.html
Developer4D, IncDgraph Labs, Inc.Thomas MuellerGoogleTmaxSoft
Initial release19842016200520112003
Current releasev20, April 20232.2.220, July 20231.23, February 20216, April 2015
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaC++C and Assembler
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesnoyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Tibero CLI
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
JavaC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Java
Objective-C
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsnoPersistent Stored Procedure (PSM)
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesnonenonehorizontal partitioning infoby range, hash, list or composite
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSynchronous replication via RaftWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno infoplanned for next version
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsno infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard (SQL 92, SQL 99)

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDgraphH2LevelDBTibero
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