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DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Greenplum vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Greenplum vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGreenplum  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSAnalytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database infoA logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score8.37
Rank#48  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comdgraph.iogreenplum.orggithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdgraph.io/­docsdocs.greenplum.org
Developer4D, IncDgraph Labs, Inc.Pivotal Software Inc.8Kdata
Initial release1984201620052016
Current releasev20, April 20237.0.0, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infosince Version 4.2no
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
Java
Perl
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSynchronous replication via RaftSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsno infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDgraphGreenplumToroDB
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