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DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Greenplum vs. SQL.JS

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Greenplum vs. SQL.JS

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Analytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database

A logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.

Port of SQLite to JavaScript

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	8.37
Rank	#48	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	0.53
Rank	#252	Overall
	#116	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.greenplum.org

sql.js.org/documentation/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Pivotal Software Inc.

Alon Zakai

enhancements implemented by others

Initial release

1984

2016

2005

2012

Current release

v20, April 2023

7.0.0, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

no

no

no

no

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Go

JavaScript

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes

yes

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

no

yes

since Version 4.2

no

Secondary indexes

yes

yes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

no

yes

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

JavaScript API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
Java
Perl
Python
R

JavaScript

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

no

yes

no

Triggers

yes

no

yes

no

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Synchronous replication via Raft

Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

no

no

yes

no

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

no

yes

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID

ACID

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes

yes

no

except by serializing a db to a file

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

no

no

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

no

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

no

More information provided by the system vendor

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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