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DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#348  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comdgraph.iowww.graphengine.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticstinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdgraph.io/­docswww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
Developer4D, IncDgraph Labs, Inc.MicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release19842016201020162009
Current releasev20, April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGo.NET and CC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
.NEThosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92nonoyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C#
Java
PHP
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyesTransact SQLno
Triggersyesnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyeshorizontal partitioningSharding, horizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSynchronous replication via Raftyesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsno infoPlanned for future releasesyesno

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDgraphGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseTinkerGraph
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