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DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Geode vs. Google Cloud Datastore

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Geode vs. Google Cloud Datastore

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGeode  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSGeode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processesAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score1.86
Rank#134  Overall
#24  Key-value stores
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.comdgraph.iogeode.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­datastore
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdgraph.io/­docsgeode.apache.org/­docscloud.google.com/­datastore/­docs
Developer4D, IncDgraph Labs, Inc.Originally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.Google
Initial release1984201620022008
Current releasev20, April 20231.1, February 2017
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses available as Gemfirecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM infothe JDK (8 or later) is also requiredhosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes, details here
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noSQL-like query language (OQL)SQL-like query language (GQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Java Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnouser defined functionsusing Google App Engine
Triggersyesnoyes infoCache Event ListenersCallbacks using the Google Apps Engine
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using Paxos
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflow
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDyes, on a single nodeACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights per client and object definableAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDgraphGeodeGoogle Cloud Datastore
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