DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. GeoMesa vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. GeoMesa vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

GeoMesa is a distributed spatio-temporal DBMS based on various systems as storage layer.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	0.78
Rank	#213	Overall
	#4	Spatial DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

dgraph.io

www.geomesa.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

dgraph.io/docs

www.geomesa.org/documentation/stable/user/index.html

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

Developer

4D, Inc

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

CCRi and others

Microsoft

Initial release

1984

2016

2014

1989

Current release

v20, April 2023

4.0.5, February 2024

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache License 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Scala

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

depending on storage layer

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Synchronous replication via Raft

depending on storage layer

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

depending on storage layer

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

depending on storage layer

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Planned for future releases

yes

depending on the DBMS used for storage

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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