DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. FileMaker vs. Heroic vs. HyperSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. FileMaker vs. Heroic vs. HyperSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

FileMaker is a cross-platform RDBMS that includes a GUI frontend.

Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearch

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.53
Rank	#152	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	47.91
Rank	#20	Overall
	#14	Relational DBMS

Score	0.46
Rank	#265	Overall
	#22	Time Series DBMS

Score	3.23
Rank	#93	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

dgraph.io

www.claris.com/filemaker

github.com/spotify/heroic

hsqldb.org

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

dgraph.io/docs

www.claris.com/resources/documentation

spotify.github.io/heroic

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Claris

a subsidiary of Apple

Spotify

Initial release

1984

2016

1983

2014

2001

Current release

v20, April 2023

19.4.1, November 2021

2.7.2, June 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

based on BSD license

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

iOS

client part only
Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

A http query request can return the data in XML format

Secondary indexes

yes

via Elasticsearch

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

via plugins

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

Filemaker WebDirect
JDBC
ODBC

HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Synchronous replication via Raft

Source-replica replication, warm standby

since Version 14

yes

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Planned for future releases

simple rights management via user accounts and connection to external directory services

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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