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DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Ehcache vs. LevelDB vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Ehcache vs. LevelDB vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonEhcache  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA widely adopted Java cache with tiered storage optionsEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSKey-value storeKey-value storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score4.89
Rank#67  Overall
#8  Key-value stores
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comdgraph.iowww.ehcache.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdgraph.io/­docswww.ehcache.org/­documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
Developer4D, IncDgraph Labs, Inc.Terracotta Inc, owned by Software AGGoogleOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release19842016200920111998
Current releasev20, April 20233.10.0, March 20221.23, February 202111 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92nononoyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
JCacheJDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
JavaC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnononoPL/SQL
Triggersyesnoyes infoCache Event Listenersnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesSharding infoby using Terracotta Servernonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSynchronous replication via Raftyes infoby using Terracotta ServernoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyTunable Consistency (Strong, Eventual, Weak)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDyes infosupports JTA and can work as an XA resourcenoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing a tiered cache-storage approachyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsno infoPlanned for future releasesnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDgraphEhcacheLevelDBTimesTen
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