DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. EJDB vs. NuoDB vs. Oracle NoSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. EJDB vs. NuoDB vs. Oracle NoSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Embeddable document-store database library with JSON representation of queries (in MongoDB style)

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

Primary database model

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	0.27
Rank	#297	Overall
	#44	Document stores

Score	0.89
Rank	#198	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	2.95
Rank	#100	Overall
	#17	Document stores
	#17	Key-value stores
	#50	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

dgraph.io

github.com/Softmotions/ejdb

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

dgraph.io/docs

github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/README.md

doc.nuodb.com

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Softmotions

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

Oracle

Initial release

1984

2016

2012

2013

2011

Current release

v20, April 2023

23.3, December 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

GPLv2

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, bool, date, object_id

yes

optional

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

in-process shared library

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Actionscript
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lua
Objective-C
Pike
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

none

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Synchronous replication via Raft

none

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

typically not needed, however similar functionality with collection joins possible

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

tunable commit protocol

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Read/Write Locking

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

yes

off heap cache

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Planned for future releases

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

Access rights for users and roles

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