DBMS > 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Drizzle vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NuoDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Dgraph vs. Drizzle vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NuoDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Drizzle has published its last release in September 2012. The open-source project is discontinued and Drizzle is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

MySQL fork with a pluggable micro-kernel and with an emphasis of performance over compatibility.

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	0.89
Rank	#198	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

dgraph.io

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

dgraph.io/docs

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

doc.nuodb.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Drizzle project, originally started by Brian Aker

Microsoft

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

Initial release

1984

2016

2008

2014

2013

Current release

v20, April 2023

7.2.4, September 2012

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

GNU GPL

commercial

limited edition free

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

JDBC

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C++
Java
PHP

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

hooks for callbacks inside the server can be used.

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Synchronous replication via Raft

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

tunable commit protocol

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Planned for future releases

Pluggable authentication mechanisms

e.g. LDAP, HTTP

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.