DBMS > 4D vs. Datomic vs. PouchDB vs. SQLite vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Datomic vs. PouchDB vs. SQLite vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

JavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDB

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.66
Rank	#144	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Score	2.34
Rank	#112	Overall
	#21	Document stores

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	1.47
Rank	#157	Overall
	#73	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.datomic.com

pouchdb.com/guides

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

docs.voltdb.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Cognitect

Apache Software Foundation

Dwayne Richard Hipp

VoltDB Inc.

Initial release

1984

2012

2000

2010

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.0.6735, June 2023

7.1.1, June 2019

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

11.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

Public Domain

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

JavaScript

Java, C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

server-less

Linux
OS X

for development

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP API

HTTP REST

only for PouchDB Server
JavaScript API

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Clojure
Java

JavaScript

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

View functions in JavaScript

Java

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Sharding

with a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-lounge

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Multi-source replication

also with CouchDB databases
Source-replica replication

also with CouchDB databases

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

by using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backend

yes

Snapshots and command logging

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

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