DBMS > 4D vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. TimesTen

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.59
Rank	#150	Overall
	#69	Relational DBMS

Score	3.26
Rank	#92	Overall
	#13	Key-value stores
	#8	Wide column stores

Score	1.31
Rank	#163	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.datomic.com

cloud.google.com/bigtable

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.datomic.com

cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

Developer

4D, Inc

Cognitect

Google

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

1984

2012

2015

1998

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.0.6735, June 2023

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP API

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Clojure
Java

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic single-row operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

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