DBMS > 4D vs. Datomic vs. GBase vs. Hazelcast vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Datomic vs. GBase vs. Hazelcast vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Widely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.

A widely adopted in-memory data grid

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

JSON support with IMDG 3.12

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.59
Rank	#150	Overall
	#69	Relational DBMS

Score	1.07
Rank	#185	Overall
	#86	Relational DBMS

Score	5.97
Rank	#57	Overall
	#6	Key-value stores

Score	1.31
Rank	#163	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Website

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.datomic.com

hazelcast.org/imdg/docs

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

Developer

4D, Inc

Cognitect

General Data Technology Co., Ltd.

Hazelcast

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

1984

2012

2004

2008

1998

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.0.6735, June 2023

GBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8c

5.3.6, November 2023

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2; commercial licenses available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

C, Java, Python

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

the object must implement a serialization strategy

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

Standard with numerous extensions

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC

JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Clojure
Java

.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

user defined functions

yes

Event Listeners, Executor Services

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

yes

Events

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

yes

Replicated Map

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user

Raft Consensus Algorithm

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

one or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commited

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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