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DBMS > 4D vs. Datomic vs. FoundationDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Datomic vs. FoundationDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Widely used in-process key-value store
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.datomic.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.datomic.comapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.html
Developer4D, IncCognitectFoundationDBOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle
Initial release1984201220131994
Current releasev20, April 20231.0.6735, June 20236.2.28, November 202018.1.40, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infocommercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesno infosome layers support typingno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML edition
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92nosupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is available
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Clojure
Java
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoTransaction Functionsin SQL-layer onlyno
TriggersyesBy using transaction functionsnoyes infoonly for the SQL API
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoin SQL-layer onlyno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnonono

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDatomicFoundationDBOracle Berkeley DB
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