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DBMS > 4D vs. Datomic vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Hypertable vs. KeyDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Datomic vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Hypertable vs. KeyDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonKeyDB  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.An open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopAn ultra-fast, open source Key-value store fully compatible with Redis API, modules, and protocols
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeWide column storeKey-value store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score0.71
Rank#226  Overall
#33  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comwww.datomic.comfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasegithub.com/­Snapchat/­KeyDB
keydb.dev
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.datomic.comfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasedocs.keydb.dev
Developer4D, IncCognitectGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014Hypertable Inc.EQ Alpha Technology Ltd.
Initial release19842012201220092019
Current releasev20, April 20231.0.6735, June 20230.9.8.11, March 2016
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infolimited edition freecommercialOpen Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availableOpen Source infoBSD-3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureC++C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
Linux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnopartial infoSupported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansyes infoby using the Redis Search module
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92nononono
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP APIAndroid
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
C++ API
Thrift
Proprietary protocol infoRESP - REdis Serialization Protoco
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Clojure
Java
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoTransaction Functionslimited functionality with using 'rules'noLua
TriggersyesBy using transaction functionsCallbacks are triggered when data changesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersselectable replication factor on file system levelMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong eventual consistency with CRDTs
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDyesnoOptimistic locking, atomic execution of commands blocks and scripts
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes infoConfigurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logs
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnoyes, based on authentication and database rulesnosimple password-based access control and ACL

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDatomicFirebase Realtime DatabaseHypertableKeyDB
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