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DBMS > 4D vs. Datomic vs. DuckDB vs. Realm vs. STSdb

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Datomic vs. DuckDB vs. Realm vs. STSdb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparisonSTSdb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core DataKey-Value Store with special method for indexing infooptimized for high performance using a special indexing method
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeKey-value store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score7.60
Rank#52  Overall
#9  Document stores
Score0.04
Rank#360  Overall
#52  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comwww.datomic.comduckdb.orgrealm.iogithub.com/­STSSoft/­STSdb4
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.datomic.comduckdb.org/­docsrealm.io/­docs
Developer4D, IncCognitectRealm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019STS Soft SC
Initial release19842012201820142011
Current releasev20, April 20231.0.6735, June 20230.10, February 20244.0.8, September 2015
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen SourceOpen Source infoGPLv2, commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureC++C#
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMserver-lessAndroid
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infoprimitive types and user defined types (classes)
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesnono
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP APIArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Clojure
Java
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
C#
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoTransaction Functionsnono inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessaryno
TriggersyesBy using transaction functionsnoyes infoChange Listenersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnonenonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesyes infoIn-Memory realm
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnonoyesno

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDatomicDuckDBRealmSTSdb
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